Tuesday, December 05, 2006

BREAKING THE HABIT:-
Memories consume
Like opening the wound
I'm picking me apart again
You all assume
I'm safe here in my room
[Unless I try to start again]

I don't want to be the one
The battles always choose
'Cause inside I realize
That i'm the one confused

I don't know what's worth fighting for
Or why I have to scream
I don't know why I instigate
And say what I don't mean
I don't know how I got this way
I know it's not alright
So I'm breaking the habit
Tonight

Clutching my cure
I tightly lock the door
I try to catch my breath again
I hurt much more
Than anytime before
I had no options left again

I'll paint it on the walls
'Cause i'm the one at fault
I'll never fight again
And this is how it ends

I don't know what's worth fighting for
Or why I have to scream
But now I have some clarity
To show you what I mean
I don't know how I got this way
I'll never be alright
So I'm breaking the habit
Breaking the Habit
Tonight

IN THE END:-

(It starts with)
One thing / I don’t know why
It doesn’t even matter how hard you try
Keep that in mind / I designed this rhyme
To explain in due time
All I know
time is a valuable thing
Watch it fly by as the pendulum swings
Watch it count down to the end of the day
The clock ticks life away
It’s so unreal
Didn’t look out below
Watch the time go right out the window
Trying to hold on / but didn’t even know
Wasted it all just to
Watch you go
I kept everything inside and even though I tried / it all fell apart
What it meant to me / will eventually / be a memory / of a time when I tried
so hard

And got so far
But in the end
It doesn't even matter
I had to fall
To lose it all
But in the end
It doesn't even matter

One thing / I don’t know why
It doesn’t even matter how hard you try
Keep that in mind / I designed this rhyme
To remind myself how
I tried so hard
In spite of the way you were mocking me
Acting like I was part of your property
Remembering all the times you fought with me
I’m surprised it got so (far)
Things aren’t the way they were before
You wouldn’t even recognize me anymore
Not that you knew me back then
But it all comes back to me
In the end
You kept everything inside and even though I tried / it all fell apart
What it meant to me / will eventually / be a memory / of a time when I
I tried so hard

And got so far
But in the end
It doesn’t even matter
I had to fall
To lose it all
But in the end
It doesn’t even matter

I’ve put my trust in you
Pushed as far as I can go
And for all this
There’s only one thing you should know
I’ve put my trust in you
Pushed as far as I can go
And for all this
There’s only one thing you should know
I tried so hard
And got so far
But in the end
It doesn’t even matter
I had to fall
To lose it all
But in the end
It doesn’t even matter

FROM THE INSIDE:-

Don't know who to trust
No surprise
Everyone feels so far away from me
Heavy thoughts sift through dust
And the lies

Trying not to break
But i'm so tired of this deceit
Every time I try to make myself
Get back up on my feet
All I ever think about is this
All the tiring time between
And how
Trying to put my trust in you
Just takes so much out of me

I take everything from the inside
And throw it all away
'Cause I swear
For the last time
I won't trust myself with you

Tension is building inside
Steadily
Everyone feels so far away from me
Heavy thoughts forcing their way
Out of me

I won't trust myself with you
I won't waste myself on you
Waste myself on you
You

CRAWLING:-

crawling in my skin
these wounds they will not heal
fear is how I fall
confusing what is real


there's something inside me that pulls beneath the surface
consuming/confusing
this lack of self-control I fear is never ending
controlling/I can't seem


to find myself again
my walls are closing in
(without a sense of confidence and I'm convinced that there's just too much pressure to take)
I've felt this way before
so insecure

crawling in my skin
these wounds they will not heal
fear is how I fall
confusing what is real

discomfort, endlessly has pulled itself upon me
distracting/reacting
against my will I stand beside my own reflection
it's haunting how I can't seem...

to find myself again
my walls are closing in
(without a sense of confidence and I'm convinced that there's just too much pressure to take)
I've felt this way before
so insecure

crawling in my skin
these wounds they will not heal
fear is how I fall
confusing what is real

crawling in my skin
these wounds they will not heal
fear is how I fall
confusing confusing what is real

there's something inside me that pulls beneath the surface
consuming/confusing what is real
this lack of self-control I fear is never ending
controlling/confusing what is real






Friday, November 17, 2006

name bond james bond:

gadgets in james bond films used so far...........

film
Dr.No
  • walther ppk - Technically the only notable "gadget" in the entire film is when M and Major Boothroyd (Q) force Bond to trade in his beretta for the new standard issue, the Walther PPK. Bond then used a Walther PPK in each movie until tomorrow never dies, in which he has a walther p99.
  • geiger counter - Bond has to request one from Britain before using it to determine the radioactivity of Crab Key, suggesting they were uncommon.
  • Luminous watch - Bond has a watch with a luminous, slightly radioactive face that glows in the dark. This is a holdover from Fleming's novels, in which Bond is described as having a similar watch.
From russia with love
  • Briefcase - This is Bond's first real film gadget. This briefcase given to Bond by Q-Branch contains a folding sniper rifle inside while ammunition and fifty gold sovereigns are hidden inside the case, and a knife is contained in a secret compartment accessible on the outside of the case. In addition, there is a safety mechanism that will detonate a gas bomb in the briefcase if opened improperly. This case is almost identical to the one described in Fleming's novel except the book added a cyanide capsule which Bond was to use to commit suicide upon capture (Bond immediately flushes it down a toilet, a fact referenced in die another day when Bond says, "Threw it [his pill] away years ago").
  • poger - Bond had one to notify him if he ever needed to contact MI6. It is worth noting that Bond also had a phone installed in his car as well.
  • Bug detector - A small device that is designed to detect the presence of a phone tap device in a regular telephone when placed against such a device.
  • Garotte watch - A wristwatch from which a wire garrote can be drawn. Used by Red Grant first to strangle a man dressed as Bond as part of a training exercise in the opening scene and later to attempt to strangle the actual Bond in the film's climax.
  • Tape recorder camera - A small reel-to-reel tape recorder hidden within a camera, used to interrogate Tatiana.
  • Dagger shoe - A shoe with a poisoned blade concealed within worn by SPECTRE agents, including Rosa Klebb. The blade would pop out of the front of the shoe making kicks extremely dangerous. One pair was used by a SPECTRE agent to kill Kronsteen after his plan failed. The gadget makes a cameo scene in Die Another Day in Q's lab.
license to kill
  • Dentonite Toothpaste - Plastic explosives disguised as ordinary toothpaste. The receiver that picks up the signal from Bond to blow the explosives is disguised as a packet of cigarettes.
  • Signature Camera Gun - A camera that when put together became a sniper rifle that can be programmed to fire for only one person due to a scanner built into the grip.
  • Laser Polaroid Camera - When the flash is used on this camera, it shoots a laser. The pictures it takes are X-rayed.
  • Exploding Alarm Clock - Q carries it with him to Isthmus, but it is not used. Guaranteed never to wake up anyone who uses it.
a view to kill
  • Polarizing Sunglasses - Allows the ability of seeing clearly through tinted glass.
  • Ring - Contains a miniature camera.
  • Chequebook/Billfold - Uses ultra-violet light to read previously written material by picking up the indentations of pen marks on paper.
  • Electric Shaver - Contains an electronic eavesdropping detector.
  • Credit Card - Has an electronic ability to open locks.
  • SNOOPER - One of Q Branches Surveilance inventions. Its a small animal like remote controlled camera unit that can transmit audio/video from the head of the unit to a recepticle for the signal. It was used as demonstration near the beginning of the movie and at the end to find Bond.
octopussy
  • Seiko Wristwatch - Contains a universal radio direction finder. This works in conjunction with listening device inside Bond's fountain pen.
  • Mont Blanc fountain pen - Contains a mixture of Nitric and Hydrochloric acids. Contains an earpiece listening device that works in conjunction with Bond's wristwatch.
  • Attaché case - Contains a false bottom which conceals a high explosive bomb.
  • TV Watch - Receives moving color images over the air .
  • Yo-yo saw - A rotating buzzsaw blade attached to a string so that it could be used in the same manner as a conventional yo-yo. Used by an assassin to kill MI6 agent Vijay, and later by the same assassin against Bond and Octopussy. An archaic weapon actually used in India hundreds of years ago.
  • Crocodile mini sub - miniature one seater submarine shaped as a saurian. Used to approach Octopussy's den on Udaipur Lake.
the living day lights
  • Keychain:
    • Contains capsule of stun gas (effective up to 5 feet) which is activated by a whistle combination. (Bond's was the first bars of "Rule Brittania". It's unclear if this is a standard setting.) The gas disorientates any normal person for up to 30 seconds.
    • Contains an explosive charge which is activated by a personalized whistle combination. (Bond's was a wolf whistle, something that Q commented was "most appropriate" for 007.)
    • Contains a lockpick which was claimed by "Q" to be able to "open 90% of the world's locks".
  • Miniature Binoculars - Contained on normal looking eye-glass frames.
  • Ghetto Blaster - While never used by James Bond, we see this gadget tested in Q-Branch for the Americans. The ghetto blaster is an stereo that can fire a rocket.
  • Revolving Sofa - Q is also testing a sofa that swallows whoever sits on it.
for your eyes only
  • Seiko Wristwatch - Receives digital message read-outs and contains a 2-way radio/transmitter for voice communications.
  • ATAC - Automatic Targeting Attack Communicator, the ATAC was lost when the British spy ship St. Georges was sunk. Later recovered by Bond, who at the end destroys it to prevent it from falling into enemy hands.
  • Identigraph - An early computer-like device to assemble a phantom photo of a person by selecting characteristics from a variety of lists including hair color, hair style, nose form, style of eyeglasses etc. Located in MI6 headquarters and used by Bond and Q to put together an image of henchman Emile Locque. This device references the system referred to in the Ian Fleming novel goldfinger.
moonraker
  • Wrist dart gun - Can fire both cyanide-coated and armor-piercing darts
  • Safe-cracking device - X-ray safe cracking device that is concealed within a normal looking cigarette case.
  • Seiko Wristwatch - Contains a remote detonator and explosive charge and fuse contained inside the back compartment.
  • Camera - A mini-camera imprinted with Bond's 00 number.
  • Moonraker Laser - A laser gun that can be shot in space. The gun is also used in the video game, golden eye 007. A version of this gun is shown being tested to somewhat gruesome effect on a wax dummy during Bond's visit to the MI6 monastery.
  • CIA Agent Holly Goodhead carries a number of gadgets of her own, including a perfume bottle that doubles as a flamethrower, a pen with a poison needle, and a transmitter hidden in her purse.
  • Exploding bolas(seen tested in the MI6 monastery). Designed to entrap an object, such as a human, and explode when the bola balls hit each other.
  • Mexican Machine gun (seen tested in MI6 monastery). A cleverly disguised machine which is contained in a mannequin of a Mexican. The mannequin splits open, revealing the gun.
the spy who loved me
  • Micro-Film Reader - Assembled from two components:
    • A cigarette case
    • A cigarette lighter
  • Wet Bike - Personal watercraft
    • NOTE: This was one of the first water bikes which are known today as jet skies.
  • Ski Pole/Gun: A special designed ski pole which is modified to fire .30 caliber rounds from a four shot clip in the handle.
  • seiko Quartz watch - Basically working like a pager, it had a built-in telex that allowed MI6 to send important messages to Bond, printing them out like a miniature teletype. (It actually looked more like a labelmarker tape.)
  • XXX's Cigarette - The cigarette used by Soviet agent Triple X, could unleash a knockout blow of stun gas when blown through.
  • Sharp tea tray- Although never used, it is shown tested in Q's lab, cutting off a mannequin's head.
goldeneye
  • Belt - A size 34 leather belt. It conceals a piton hidden behind the buckle. It can fire out up to 75 feet of high tensile wire designed to support the weight of an average person.
  • Ballpoint Pen - Contains a class four grenade. A 4-second fuse is armed after three clicks in succession. Another three clicks disarms it. Used by Bond to escape his captors after Boris nervously clicks it.
  • Wristwatch - An omega Seamaster Pro (the first of James Bond's non-"Seiko"/"Rolex" gadget watches) with built-in laser cutter and a remote detonator.
  • Piton Gun - Fires grappling hook (piton) and has a laser cutting attachment.
  • Digital Binoculars - Auto focus/zoom, digital camera, satellite uplink to send visual data.
  • X-Ray Document Scanner - Q has a document scanner disguised as a tea-tray.
  • Phone Booth Trap - Q Branch is testing a BT telephone box with a large airbag inside which expands, crushing anyone inside against the wall of the box.
  • Wheelchair and Leg Cast missile - Tested by Q Branch, this gadget was made to look like someone had broken their leg, when in fact, the leg hid a missile, which could be fired from the seated position.
  • Door Decoder - Small Device that can be fitted onto keypad locked electronic doors that finds the combination and displays it on its screen. Used by 006 In the pre-credit sequence
the man with the golden gun
  • The Golden Gun - Scaramanga's titular weapon of choice, it could fire a 4.2 mm (.17 caliber) golden bullet specially made for the gun. The gun also separated into a gold cigarette lighter, a gold cigarette case, a gold cuff link, and a gold pen as to evade security. The bullet is hidden on his belt.
  • Prosthetic nipple - Bond confesses that it's "a bit kinky", but he gets Q to create a false third nipple so that Bond can impersonate Scaramanga, who has the same physical anomaly.
live and let die
  • Magnetic Watch - Given to Bond by M. When turned on, it could snag any lightweight metallic item. In theory, Bond claims it can even deflect a bullet. It also has a circular saw built into it.
  • Bug Sweeper - Bond uses a handheld device that can sweep a room for electronic microphones.
  • Clothing Brush Communicator - Hidden inside a clothing brush is a radio that also has a key allowing it to transmit messages in morse code.
  • Shark gun - Fires special pellets that expel highly-pressurized air to make the target explode. Designed for combating sharks, but Bond is able to activate a pellet manually before forcing Kananga to swallow it.
  • The 'Felix Lighter' - Radio transmitter/receiver disguised as a car cigarette lighter installed in a CIA vehicle, which Bond uses to contact his friend, Felix Leiter.
  • Sideview mirror dart gun - Installed in one of Kananga's sedans, this gun is used to kill Bond's driver upon his arrival in New York City.

This movie is noteworthy in that the gadgets break their own stereotype several times.

  • espresso machine (by la Pavoni). M, expecting it to be another agent gadget, finds it to be nothing more than a coffee maker thus triggering his surprised exclamation: "Is that all it does?!"
  • The magnetic watch (see above). When threatened by alligators, this is one of the rare occasions when a gadget actually fails to save Bond. He does escape the peril, but by using a non-gadget solution.
  • Aftershave flamethrower. One of the few gadgets ever improvised by Bond in the field, and thus not manufactured by Q branch. This was created by Bond spraying an aerosol can of aftershave past the lit end of his cigar in order to kill a venomous snake.

Another gadget-related exception is that Q does not make an appearance in this movie.

diamonds are forever


  • Pocket snap trap - A small gadget hidden in a pocket to give a person performing an unwanted search on the wielder a painful surprise that would provide a critical distraction for the wielder to exploit for an attack.
  • Fake Fingerprint - Bond uses a fake fingerprint that clings to his thumb to trick Tiffany Case into believing he is Peter Franks.
  • Slot Machine Ring - Q created a ring that, when used, ensures a jackpot at the slot machines every time. (In reality, this is the only Bond Gadget - up to a view to a kill - which does not actually work.)
  • Grappling suspenders - When Bond rides ontop of the elevator to the suite of Willard Whyte, he uses for the last leg of this trip the grappelling cord built into the suspenders
on her majesty's secret service
  • radioactive lint - In the beginning of the movie, Q is showing M a homing device made out of regular lint. "Placed in an opponent's pocket, the location fix and anti-personnel uses should be obvious." M is more concerned with locating Bond, who is nowhere to be found.
  • Safecracker - A small (for its time) device that consists of a flexible cable ending in a grapple that is meant to be fitted on a typical safe combination lock. The machine would then examine the lock, figure out its combination and open the safe. In addition, the device sports an olivetti wet-type photocopier that could allow for easy copying of secret documents to minimize the chance of the owner learning of the break in by missing documents. Wet-type photocopiers are actually unsuitable for field missions because they must not be tilted lest the highly-toxic transfer liquid spills out. Unlike the safecracker used in You Only Live Twice, this device was quite slow, taking close to an hour to open the safe (in the film, Bond uses the device while the safe's owner is on a lunch break and barely completes the job before the man returns).
  • minox B 8x11 Camera - Bond uses a small camera to take snap shots of a map that shows where the "Angels Of Death" are to release a biological agent.
  • After Bond resigns from MI6, we see him cleaning out his desk, and gadgets from past films are shown, including the rebreather from Thunderball and Red Grant's garotte watch from From Russia with Love.
u only live twice
  • Shooting Cigarette - Tiger gives Bond a cigarette capable of shooting a jet powered projectile accurately up to 30 yards. Used in Blofeld's volcano to kill a technician standing by the entrance controls to enable his allies to storm the base.
  • Safecracker - A small device that can easily be carried in a jacket pocket and works by attaching it to a safe the operator wants to open. With it properly positioned, the user needs only to turn the combination dial and the device would light up a series of lights as each correct number on the combination dial is found until the entire series is revealed to open the safe. However, Bond finds out the hard way that gadget is not designed to defeat a safe's other security functions, such as alarms.
  • gyrojet rocket guns — prototype guns using a small rocket-propelled projectile rather than conventional ammunition. A limited number were made in real life for trials by the US and British militaries, but the design never caught on and the guns and ammunition are now very collectible (and therefore highly sought after and expensive!)
  • Little Nellie - a heavily-armed one-man autogyro that has missiles, machine guns, and air-dropped mines as weapons.
thunderball

  • Homing Pill - When Bond takes this pill, it emits a signal that can be detected only by a certain receiver.
  • Rebreather - A small device that can be carried on the person without notice and when in use, is held in the mouth to provide a few minutes of air in emergencies or when the user has to go underwater. It should be noted that this device is not an actual rebreather: that is, it does not actually recycle the gasses exhaled by the user.
  • jet pack - Used to propel Bond into the air when escaping after killing Col. Bouvard.
  • Underwater Jet Pack- During the final undersea battle, Bond is equipped with a bulky scuba tank that not only propels him through the water faster than anyone can swim, it also shoots small missiles. It also has a light and two spear guns.
tomorrow never dies
  • Mobile Phone - The phone had a variety of features, including:
    • a stun gun,
    • a fingerprint scanner scanner/analyzer/transmitter that can also be used for opening high-tech fingerprint-identification locks
    • "Flip-open" remote control for operating his BMW 750iL (Directional steering pad, LCD monitor for the front and rear view, controls to fire rocket launcher)
      • NOTE: This was a concept phone designed by Ericsson. Much of the look of this phone including the "flip-open" design was eventually (a few years) incorporated into Ericsson's R380 "smartphone" which combined a fully functional mobile phone, PDA-like tools and WAP services.
  • Omega Seamaster watch - Taken by Bond from the Chinese safehouse, the watch had a small, detachable charge that could be detonated by turning the watch's dial. It was later used to remotely destroy a glass jar that had a grenade lodged inside.
  • walther p99 - A gun Bond acquires from the Chinese safehouse in Saigon. It replaced Bond's Walther PPK, present for the first half of the film. Since Tomorrow Never Dies, Bond has used the PPK.
  • Cigarette lighter - A disguised timed explosive/grenade.
  • Restraint Fan - Weapon developed by Wai Lin's counterpart division to Q Branch. Appears to be a Chinese fan, but when opened, various string-like restraints are emitted, possibly with the design of restraining an opponent.
  • Rickshaw Defense Mechanism - This was used to knock out an enemy. A button is pressed, and an upper part of a bike-based rickshaw, which appears to be parked, ejects, knocking out the target.
  • Dragon Flamethrower - Bond commented on the fact that this device was "very novel." Although this appears to be a sculpture of a dragon, pulling back one of the ears emits a high yield flamethrower, which makes the sculpture look like a fire-breathing dragon.
the world is not enough
  • Wristwatch - Contains a Grappling hook with fifty feet of high-tensile micro-filament and a high intensity lighted bezel.
  • Multifunction Lock Pick - Concealed in a normal looking credit card with a removable strip that activates a spring-loaded multifunction lock pick.
  • Eye-glasses (#1) - Remotely detonates an explosive "flash-bang" charge.
  • Eye-glasses (#2) - Enables X-ray vision for checking for concealed weapons.
  • Ski Jacket - Conceals an escape pod which inflates into a sealed sphere made of aluminum-coated plastic and Kevlar reinforcement. This feature appears to be based on the zorb.
  • Bagpipe - Contains a flamethrower and a machine gun (was only in testing).

This film marks the only one occasion in the Bond film series (as of 2006) where Bond has expressed concern as to what Q will think when equipment is destroyed ("Q's not gonna like this!"). This happens when Bond's BMW Z8 is sawn in half.

die another day
  • Ring - A "standard issue" ring for the finger which, is actually an "Ultra high-frequency single digit sonic agitator unit", that can shatter bullet-proof glass (or any " 'unbreakable' glass", as commented by Q in the movie).
  • Surfboard - Contains a sliding panel with a hidden compartment containing communications equipment, explosives, detonators and a Walther P99 firearm.
  • Wristwatch - Contains an explosive detonator and laser beam cutter. The new Q states that this watch is Bond's 20th, which is a reference to the fact that Die Another Day is the 20th James Bond film.
  • Mini Re-Breather - Similar device as used in Thunderball, which provides a few minutes of oxygen.
  • Virtual Combat Training Simulator - This device allows the user to enter a virtual environment with the assistance of four computerized columns, a special pair of sunglasses, and a special weapon, this training simulator is tested by 007. One such program contains a scenario in which MI6 Headquarters is attacked and the user must eliminate all threats as they see fit. Miss Moneypenny makes some recreational use of another version of the program.
  • XM29OIcw assault rifle/grenade launcher - Used by general Moon's son in the pre-credit sequence to destroy Bond's helicopter.
  • mobile phone/camera/pda - Used by a villain to identify James Bond. It is a product placement of the sony ericsson p 800.
  • A modified Aston Martin V-12 Vanquish, dubbed the "vanish", which uses micro cameras to record the image on one side of the car and project it onto the other side of the car making it, almost, invisible.
apart from these some additional gadgets are there like:
  • Bell-Textron Jet Pack (thunderball)
  • Snorkel with false bird on top (goldfinger)
  • Piton gun (diamonds are forever)
  • Attache Case (from russia with love)
  • Bede Acrostar Jet (octopussy)
  • One-person submarine (disguised as Crocodile) (octopussy)
  • SNOOPER (a view to a kill)
  • Little Nellie (you only live twice)
  • Dagger-Toed Shoe (from russia with love).
well let us see some technical stuff..myself is quite passionate about cryptography and its amazing usage in secure data transmission...........
lets see about a cipher text named ceaser cipher ...

In cryptography, a Caesar cipher, also known as a Caesar's cipher, the shift cipher, Caesar's Code or Caesar Shift, is one of the simplest and most widely-known encryption techniques. It is a type of substitution cipher in which each letter in the plaintext is replaced by a letter some fixed number of positions further down the alphabet. For example, with a shift of 3, A would be replaced by D, B would become E, and so on. The method is named after Julius Caesar, who used it to communicate with his generals.

The encryption step performed by a Caesar cipher is often incorporated as part of more complex schemes, such as the Vigenère cipher, and still has modern application in the ROT13 system. As with all single alphabet substitution ciphers, the Caesar cipher is easily broken and in practice offers essentially no communication security.

History and usage

The Caesar cipher is named for Julius Caesar, who used an alphabet with a shift of three.
Enlarge
The Caesar cipher is named for Julius Caesar, who used an alphabet with a shift of three.

The Caesar cipher is named after Julius Caesar, who, according to Suetonius, used it with a shift of three to protect messages of military significance:

If he had anything confidential to say, he wrote it in cipher, that is, by so changing the order of the letters of the alphabet, that not a word could be made out. If anyone wishes to decipher these, and get at their meaning, he must substitute the fourth letter of the alphabet, namely D, for A, and so with the others. — Suetonius, Life of Julius Caesar 56 [1].

While Caesar's was the first recorded use of this scheme, other substitution ciphers are known to have been used earlier. Julius Caesar's nephew Augustus also used the cipher, but with a shift of one:

Whenever he wrote in cipher, he wrote B for A, C for B, and the rest of the letters on the same principle, using AA for X. — Suetonius, Life of Augustus 88.

There is evidence that Julius Caesar used more complicated systems as well, and one writer, Aulus Gellius, refers to a (now lost) treatise on his ciphers:

There is even a rather ingeniously written treatise by the grammarian Probus concerning the secret meaning of letters in the composition of Caesar's epistles. — Aulus Gellius, 17.9.1–5.

It is unknown how effective the Caesar cipher was at the time, but it is likely to have been reasonably secure, not least because few of Caesar's enemies would have been literate, let alone able to consider cryptanalysis. Assuming that an attacker could read the message, there is no record at that time of any techniques for the solution of simple substitution ciphers. The earliest surviving records date to the 9th century in the Arab world with the discovery of frequency analysis.

In the 19th century, the personal advertisements section in newspapers would sometimes be used to exchange messages encrypted using simple cipher schemes. Kahn (1967) describes instances of lovers engaging in secret communications enciphered using the Caesar cipher in The Times. Even as late as 1915, the Caesar cipher was in use: the Russian army employed it as a replacement for more complicated ciphers which had proved to be too difficult for their troops to master; German and Austrian cryptanalysts had little difficulty in decrypting their messages.

Caesar ciphers can be found today in children's toys such as secret decoder rings. A Caesar shift of thirteen is also performed in the ROT13 algorithm, a simple method of obfuscating text used in some Internet forums to obscure text (such as joke punchlines and story spoilers), but not used as a method of encryption.

The Vigenère cipher uses a Caesar cipher with a different shift at each position in the text; the value of the shift is defined using a repeating keyword. If a single-use keyword is as long as the message and chosen randomly then this is a one-time pad cipher, unbreakable if the users maintain the keyword's secrecy. Keywords shorter than the message (e.g., "Complete Victory"), used historically, introduce a cyclic pattern that might be detected with a statistically advanced version of frequency analysis

Breaking the cipher

Decryption
shift
Candidate plaintext
0 exxegoexsrgi
1 dwwdfndwrqfh
2 cvvcemcvqpeg
3 buubdlbupodf
4 attackatonce
5 zsszbjzsnmbd
6 yrryaiyrmlac
...
23 haahjrhavujl
24 gzzgiqgzutik
25 fyyfhpfytshj

The Caesar cipher can be easily broken even in a ciphertext-only scenario. Two situations can be considered: 1) an attacker knows (or guesses) that some sort of simple substitution cipher has been used, but not specifically that it is a Caesar scheme; and 2) an attacker knows that a Caesar cipher is in use, but does not know the shift value.

In the first case, the cipher can be broken using the same techniques as for a general simple substitution cipher, such as frequency analysis or pattern words. While solving, it is likely that an attacker will quickly notice the regularity in the solution and deduce that a Caesar cipher is the specific algorithm employed.

The distribution of letters in a typical sample of English language text has a distinctive and predictable shape. A Caesar shift "rotates" this distribution, and it is possible to determine the shift by examining the resultant frequency graph.
Enlarge
The distribution of letters in a typical sample of English language text has a distinctive and predictable shape. A Caesar shift "rotates" this distribution, and it is possible to determine the shift by examining the resultant frequency graph.

In the second instance, breaking the scheme is even more straightforward. Since there are only a limited number of possible shifts (26 in English), they can each be tested in turn in a brute force attack. One way to do this is to write out a snippet of the ciphertext in a table of all possible shifts — a technique sometimes known as "completing the plain component". The example given is for the ciphertext "EXXEGOEXSRGI"; the plaintext is instantly recognisable by eye at a shift of four. Another way of viewing this method is that, under each letter of the ciphertext, the entire alphabet is written out in reverse starting at that letter. This attack can be accelerated using a set of strips prepared with the alphabet written down them in reverse order. The strips are then aligned to form the ciphertext along one row, and the plaintext should appear in one of the other rows.

Another brute force approach is to match up the frequency distribution of the letters. By graphing the frequencies of letters in the ciphertext, and by knowing the expected distribution of those letters in the original language of the plaintext, a human can easily spot the value of the shift by looking at the displacement of particular features of the graph. This is known as frequency analysis. For example in the English language the plaintext frequencies of the letters E, T, (usually most frequent), and Q, Z (typically least frequent) are particularly distinctive. Computers can also do this by measuring how well the actual frequency distribution matches up with the expected distribution; for example, the chi-square statistic can be used.

For natural language plaintext, there will, in all likelihood, be only one plausible decryption, although for extremely short plaintexts, multiple candidates are possible. For example, the ciphertext MPQY could, plausibly, decrypt to either "aden" or "know" (assuming the plaintext is in English); similarly, "ALIIP" to "dolls" or "wheel"; and "AFCCP" to "jolly" or "cheer" (see also unicity distance).

Multiple encryptions and decryptions provide no additional security. This is because two encryptions of, say, shift A and shift B, will be equivalent to an encryption with shift A + B. In mathematical terms, the encryption under various keys forms a group.


Example

The transformation can be represented by aligning two alphabets; the cipher alphabet is the plain alphabet rotated left or right by some number of positions. For instance, here is a Caesar cipher using a right rotation of three places (the shift parameter, here 3, is used as the key):

Plain: abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
Cipher: DEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZABC

To encipher a message, simply look up each letter of the message in the "plain" line and write down the corresponding letter in the "cipher" line. To decipher, do the reverse.

Plaintext: the quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog
Ciphertext: WKH TXLFN EURZQ IRA MXPSV RYHU WKH ODCB GRJ

The encryption can also be represented using modular arithmetic by first transforming the letters into numbers, according to the scheme, A = 0, B = 1,..., Z = 25. Encryption of a letter x by a shift n can be described mathematically as,

E_n(x) = (x + n) \mod {26}.

Decryption is performed similarly,

D_n(x) = (x - n) \mod {26}.

The replacement remains the same throughout the message, so the cipher is classed as a type of monoalphabetic substitution, as opposed to polyalphabetic substitution.

regarding code breaking see this:
http://www.thedavincigame.com/Code_breaking.html

Thursday, November 09, 2006

SHARE A THOUGHT OF LOVE WITH ME.........

DREAM A LIFE TOGETHER WITH ME.....

KEEP THE TWINKLE ONE IN YOUR EYES WHICH MADE ME MAD......

KEEP AWAY THOSE TEARS WHICH MADE ME SAD......

BE MY PARTNER AT SHORES OF LONELINESS ........

GIVE ME A NEW DEFINITION OF HAPPINESS.........

HOLD MY HAND DURING MY JOURNEY OF LIFE.....

WITH OUR HANDS TOGETHER EVERY SORROW WE WILL SURVIVE....

HURT ME, TEASE ME, MAKE ME CRY .........

BUT IN THE END GIVE ME A SHOULDER ON WHICH I CAN RELY..........
Time does not wait for you or me,days pass and years pass , you miss your loved ones and you moved away from your loved ones. your life changes,friends change, people change....but your heart has those precious moments fetched in it, whether you want it or not, it is there....making you happy, at times sad and making you even more painful sometimes....
your heart has those moments in that corner where none can see what it is and when people ask seeing your blank face.... you just smile, saying "NOTHING"

Monday, October 23, 2006

hi !!
m a die hard fan of linkin park..so this suits me the best.....

It starts with one thing
I don't know why
It doesn't even matter how hard you try keep that in mind
I designed this rhyme
To explain in due time
All I know
Time is a valuable thing
Watch it fly by as the pendulum swings
Watch it count down to the end of the day
The clock ticks life away
It's so unreal
Didn't look out below
Watch the time go right out the window
Trying to hold on, but didn't even know
Wasted it all just to watch you go
I kept everything inside and even though I tried, it all fell apart
What it meant to me will eventually be a memory of a time when

I tried so hard
And got so far
But in the end
It doesn't even matter
I had to fall
To lose it all
But in the end
It doesn't even matter

One thing, I don't know why
It doesn’t even matter how hard you try, keep that in mind
I designed this rhyme, to explain in due time
I tried so hard
In spite of the way you were mocking me
Acting like I was part of your property
Remembering all the times you fought with me
I'm surprised it got so (far)
Things aren't the way they were before
You wouldn't even recognize me anymore
Not that you knew me back then
But it all comes back to me (in the end)
You kept everything inside and even though I tried, it all fell apart
What it meant to me will eventually be a memory of a time when I

I’ve put my trust in you
Pushed as far as I can go
And for all this
There's only one thing you should know

Saturday, October 14, 2006

HI ALL I AM NEW TO THIS SO DONT KNOW MUCH ABOUT IT....THE EXPERIENCE PEOPLE CAN UNDERSTAND THAT VERY WELL ...I M SORRY FOR IT..BUT NEXT TIME ONWARDS I DONT THINK THIS WILL BE LIKE THIS..HOPE U PEOPLE WILL LIKE IT.